12. Empty categories‎ > ‎

12.1. Null subjects

Three types of null subjects are distinguished: referential, expletive and arbitrary.

By convention, the null subject is usually annotated in the first position inside IP – only CONJ, INTJ/INTJP, NP-VOC, movement traces (*T*, *, *ICH*) and left-dislocated elements may precede it in the represented structure (see The position and order of empty categories).