A projection WXP (including an
interrogative, relative or exclamative
element) is codified in
wh-questions
(CP-QUE),
relatives
(CP-REL) and
free relatives
(CP-FRL),
cleft constructions
(CP-CLF),
comparative clauses
(CP-CMP), in some
adverbial clauses
(CP-ADV) and in
exclamatives
(CP-EXL).
Typically WXP is
coindexed with an empty category *T*
representing
wh-movement traces
(but see bellow for exceptions). If
applicable, dash tags indicating
grammatical function or subcategory are
assigned to wh-traces (and not to the WXP
itself).
( (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO Que))
(IP-SUB (NP-ACC *T*-1) ☜ wh-question
(VB-R responderia)
(NP-SBJ (D aquelle) (ADJ-G grande) (N varão)))
(. ?))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID V_004,177.1072))
( (CP-QUE (WPP-1 (P A) ☜ wh-question
(NP (WPRO quem)))
(IP-IND (PP *T*-1)
(VB-D deu)
(NP-SBJ (D este) (N criminoso))
(NP-ACC (D-F essa)
(N soma)
(PP (P de)
(NP (N dinheiro)))))
(. ?))
(POST SCRIPTUM; ID CARDS0094,.7))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (Q Todo)
(D o)
(N excesso)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO que)) ☜ relative
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VB-SP altere)
(NP-ACC (D-F a) (N saúde)))))
(VB-P altera)
(NP-ACC (D-F a) (N beleza))
(. ;))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_004,76.989))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WPRO Quem)) ☜ free relative
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NP-ACC (CL o))
(VB-P-3S compra)
(Q muito))))
(SR-P-3S é)
(NP-PRD (D o)
(N espanhol))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA10,14))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ e)
(NP-SBJ *exp*-2)
(NP-SBJ-2 (PRO eu))
(SR-D fuy)
(CP-CLF (WNP-1 (D-F a) (WPRO que)) ☜ cleft
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(NP-DAT (CL vos))
(NP-ACC (CL o))
(VB-D mandey)
(ADVP (ADV là))))
(. .))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID C_002,139.100))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ e)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-D-3P diziam)
(. :)
(CP-EXL-SPE (QT ")
(IP-IND (NP-SBJ (D O)
(VB-AN amaldiçoado)
(N carro))
(VB-P-3S come)
(NP-ACC (ADV-R mais)
(N toucinho)
(PP (P @de)
(CP-CMP (WNP-1 (D @o) ☜ comparative
(WPRO que))
(IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO eu)))))))
(QT ")
(. !)))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID AAL42,21))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT (NP-VOC (N Senhor))
(, ,)
(ADVP (ADV aí))
(VB-P vão)
(NP-SBJ (D-F-P as) (N-P testemunhas)))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (NPR VM))
(NP-ACC (CL as))
(VB-R ensinará)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0) ☜ adverbial
(C conforme)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(SR-D foi)
(VB-AN dito)
(PP (P em@)
(NP (D-F @a) (N petição)))))))
[...]
(POST SCRIPTUM; ID CARDS2191,.2))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C quando)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-D pode)
(IP-INF (VB fallar))))
(, ,)
(VB-D dise)
(. :)
(CP-EXL (DS -)
(NP-VOC (INTJ Ai) (N catiuuo))
(, ,)
(WNP-1 (WNP (WD que) (N dano)) ☜ exclamative
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(WNP (WD que) (N coita))))
(IP-IND (NP-ACC *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(ADVP (ADV aqui))
(HV-P a)))
(. !))
(WOCHWEL; ID DSG346,.3))
WXPs can be
null operators
(WXP 0), as in the case of some
cleft sentences, some
comparative clauses
and
conformative clauses.
( (IP-MAT-SPE (DS -)
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(ADVP (ADV Agora))
(SR-P é)
(CP-CLF (WADVP-1 0)
(C que)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO eu))
(ADVP (ADV já))
(NEG não)
(VB-P entendo))))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID G-004,0.688))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO Ele))
(SR-P-3S é)
(ADJP-PRD (ADV-R mais)
(ADJ velho)
(CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
(C que)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-MSR *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO eu)))))
(, ,))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA14,51))
( (IP-MAT (PP (P A@)
(NP (D @o)
(IP-INF (VB entardecer)
(PP (P d@)
(NP (D @aquele)
(N dia)
(PP (P de)
(NP (NPR Agosto))))))))
(, ,)
(NP-SBJ (D-F a)
(N mãe)
(PP (P de)
(NP (NPR Josefa))))
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
(C segundo)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (D o) (N marido))
(VB-D contou)
(PP (P a@)
(NP (D @o) (N vigário)))
(PP (P n@)
(NP (D-F @a)
(N cangosta)
(PP (P d@)
(NP (D @o) (NPR Estêvão)))))))
(, ,)
(SR-D foi)
(VB-AN-F levada)
(PP (P em)
(NP (N-P braços)
(PP (P para)
(NP (D-F a) (N cama)))))
(. ;))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID B_005_PSD,28.766))
In verbless
exclamatives/
questions
(where no IP is projected) and in
resumptive relatives
(where there is no gap), the WXP is not
coindexed with a trace:
( (CP-QUE (WPP (P Com) ☜ verbless question
(NP (D o) (WPRO quê)))
(. ?))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PAL33,22))
( (CP-EXL-SPE (WNP (WD Que) (ADJ-G gram) (N destroição)) ☜ verbless exclamative
(. !))
(WOCHWEL; ID JAR50,.17))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (DEM Isso))
(SR-P-3S é)
(NP-PRD (D-UM-F uma)
(N coisa)
(CP-REL (WNP (WPRO que)) ☜ resumptive relative
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(FP já)
(NP-DAT-RSP (CL lhe))
(VB-P-3P dão)
(NP-ACC (OUTRO outro) (N nome)))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID LVR18,100))