4. Prepositional phrases‎ > ‎

4.7. Left-dislocated PP (PP-LFD)

A left-dislocated PP – labelled PP-LFD – is associated with a resumptive element (usually a clitic pronoun or an adverb), which is marked by the dash tag -RSP. The left-dislocated PP and the resumptive constituent are not coindexed.

( (IP-MAT (NP-ADV (D-UM-F Uma) (N vez))
	  (PP-LFD (P a)
		  (NP (D-UM um) (N colega) (PRO$ meu)))
	  (, ,)
	  (VB-D-3S @acendeu)
	  (NP-SE (CL @se))
	  (NP-DAT-RSP (CL @lhe))
	  (NP-SBJ (D o) (N carvão))
	  (ADVP (ADV dentro)
		(PP (P @de)
		    (NP (D-F @a) (N saca))))
	  (, ,))
  (CORDIAL-SIN; ID UNS42,1))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ e)
	  (PP-LFD (P @a)
		  (NP (D-F a@) (N mulher)))
	  (NP-SBJ (Q-P todos))
	  (NP-ACC-RSP (CL a))
	  (VB-P idolatram)
	  (PP (P por)
	      (ADJP (ADJ-F fermosa)))
	  (. .))
   (TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_001_PSD,39.704))

( (IP-MAT (IP-IMP-PRG (VB-SP-3S Olhe))
	  (, ,)
	  (PP-LFD (ADV ali)
		  (P @em)
		  (NP (D-F @esta)
		      (N herdade)
		      (PP (P @a)
			  (NP (D @o)
			      (N fundo)
			      (PP (P @de)
				  (NP (D-F @a) (N horta)))))))
	  (, ,)
	  (NP-SBJ *exp*)
	  (HV-D-3S havia)
	  (ADVP-RSP (ADV lá))
	  (NP-ACC (D-UM um)
		  (N sítio)
		  (CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO que))
			  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
				  (NP-ADV (Q todo) (D o) (NPR Verão))
				  (TR-D-3S tinha)
				  (NP-ACC (N água))
				  (PP (P @em)
				      (NP (D @o)
					  (N cimo)
					  (PP (P @de)
					      (NP (D-F @a) (N terra))))))))
	  (. .))
  (CORDIAL-SIN; ID CBV17,9))
 
When the resumptive element is a displaced clitic, the -RSP label is assigned to the NP which dominates the clitic, and not to its trace.
( (IP-MAT (PP-LFD (P @A)
		  (NP (D-P @os) (OUTRO-P outros)))
	  (NP-SBJ *pro*)
	  (NEG não)
	  (NP-RSP-1 (CL lhe))
	  (VB-P-1S ouço)
	  (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *arb*)
		  (VB chamar)
		  (IP-SMC (PP-SBJ *-1)
			  (NP-PRD (ADV-R mais) (N-P nomeadas))))
	  (. .))
  (CORDIAL-SIN; ID STA14,46))
A fronted PP with no resumptive associate is labelled PP-LFD only if it is extracted from an embedded domain. In this case, a *ICH* trace makes the extraction site clear.

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
	  (PP-LFD-1 (P De@)
		    (NP (D-F @esta) (N carta)))
	  (NEG não)
	  (VB-P quer)
	  (CP-THT (C que)
		  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-3 *exp*)
			  (NP-3 (CL se))
			  (VB-SP venha)
			  (PP (P a)
			      (IP-INF (PP *ICH*-1)                    ☜ embedded IP
				      (NP-SE *-3)
				      (VB saber)))))
	  (. .))
  (POST SCRIPTUM; ID CARDS0027,.8))

( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
		  (NP-SBJ (PRO ele))
		  (NP-DAT (CL lhe))
		  (VB-D disse)
		  (NP-ACC (Q-F toda) (D-F a) (N verdade)))
	  (CONJP (CONJ e)
		 (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D o) (N homem) (ADJ bom))
			 (NP-DAT (CL lhe))
			 (VB-D disse)
			 (CP-THT (C que)
				 (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
					 (ADVP (ADV-NEG nunca))
					 (PP-LFD-1 (P de)
						   (NP (ADJ-R-G mayor) (N maravilha)))
					 (VB-RA ouvira)
					 (IP-INF (PP *ICH*-1)                                                                ☜ embedded IP
                                                 (NP-SBJ *arb*)
						 (VB falar))))))
	  (. .))
  (WOCHWEL; ID JAR88,.111))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
          (PP (P @De)
	      (NP (D @o) (N porco)))                                ☜ PP fronted from a non embedded IP
	  (, ,)
	  (VB-D-1S gostava)
	  (. .))
  (CORDIAL-SIN; ID CBV58,21))