Instances of gapping, stripping and sluicing are annotated according to the following scheme:
(IP-XXX (IP-XXX-1 complete clause) (CONJP (CONJ) (IP-XXX=1 elliptical clause)))
The elliptical clause is coindexed with the complete clause. The equal sign preceding the index marks up the constituent that has to be reconstructed. Within the elliptical clause only overt elements are codified (but notice that null subjects are included in clauses containing sluiced questions; see examples at the end of this section).
Gapping
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ (D o) (N amor))
(VB-P vem)
(PP (P por)
(NP (N natureza))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (IP-MAT=1 (NP-SBJ (D-F a) (N vaidade))
(PP (P por)
(NP (N contágio)))))
(. ;))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_001_PSD,46.873))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(, ,)
(CP-ADV (C como)
(IP-SUB (IP-SUB-2 (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(TR-P tenho)
(PP-ACC (P a)
(NP (NPR Deus)
(, ,)
(CP-REL (WPP-1 (P a)
(NP (WPRO quem)))
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-P reconheço)
(PP (P por)
(NP (NPR Senhor))))))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-SUB=2 (PP (P a)
(NP (PRO vós)))
(PP (P por)
(NP (NP (N irmão))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(NP (N marido)))))))))
(, ,)
(NEG não)
(NP-3 (CL lhe))
(VB-P sei)
(IP-INF (NP-DAT *-3)
(VB render)
(NP-ACC (D-F-P as) (N-P graças)))
(. .))
(POST SCRIPTUM; ID PSCR1631,.23))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(TR-D-3S tinha)
(CP-THT (C que)
(IP-INF (IP-INF-1 (VB levar)
(NP-ACC (D-UM-F uma)
(N porta))
(PP (P @a)
(NP (D-F @a)
(N frente))))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-INF=1 (NP-ACC (OUTRO-F outra))
(ADVP (ADV atrás))))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID MST09,24))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NP-ADV (D-UM Å©u) (N dia))
(, ,)
(IP-GER (IP-GER-1 (ET-G estando)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Hipocras))
(PP (P a)
(NP (D-UM-F Å©a) (N janela))))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-GER=1 (NP-SBJ (PRO$-F sua) (N molher))
(PP (P a)
(NP (N cabo)
(PP (P de@)
(NP (PRO @ele))))))))
(, ,)
(VB-D viram)
(ADVP (ADV diante)
(PP (P em@)
(NP (D @o) (N cham))))
(NP-ACC (D-UM-F Å©a) (N porca))
(. .))
(WOCHWEL; ID JAR84,.82))
( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (D O) (N pai))
(NP-SBJ *exp*)
(VB-P-3S diz)
(CP-THT (C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NP-DAT (CL lhe))
(VB-D-3S perguntou)
(CP-QUE (WQ se)
(NP-LFD-1 (PRO ele))
(WNP-2 (D o) (WPRO que))
(IP-SUB (NP-2 *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ-3 *exp*)
(SR-P-3S é)
(CP-CLF (WNP-4 0)
(C que)
(IP-SUB (NP-ACC *T*-4)
(NP-SBJ *ICH*-1)
(VB-D-3S dizia))))
(, ,)
(CP-QUE-PRN (CP-QUE (WQ se)
         (IP-SUB-5 (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(VB-D-3S gostava)
(ADVP (ADV-R mais))
(PP (P @de)
(NP (D-F @a) (N noite)))))
(CONJP (CP-QUE (WQ se)
(IP-SUB=5 (PP (P @de)
(NP (D @o) (N dia))))))))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PST09,21))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NEG Não)
(VB-P-1S sei)
(CP-QUE (CP-QUE (WQ se)
(IP-SUB-1 (NP-SBJ-2 *exp*)
(SR-P-3S é)
(NP-2 (D o) (N governo))))
(CONJP (CP-QUE (WQ se)
(IP-SUB=1 (NP-SBJ (CP-FRL (WNP-3 (WPRO quem))
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(SR-P-3S é))))))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID FLF56,44))
In backwards gapping, the two clauses occur in reverse order: the first conjunct counts as gapped.
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT=1 (PP (P @Em)
(NP (D @o) (N argadilho))))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(ADVP (ADV depois))
(SR-D-3S era)
(PP (P @em)
(NP (D-F @a) (N dobadoura)))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PVC20,28))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT=1 (NP-MSR (FP Só)
(D-UM-F uma)
(N vez)))
(, ,)
(CONJP (CONJ mas)
(IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(SR-D-3S era)
(ADVP (ADV bem))
(VB-AN-F peneirada)
(PP (P para)
(IP-INF (VB-F-3S cair)
(NP-SBJ (D aquele)
(N ralão))))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID LVR35,4))
Stripping
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT-1 (PP (P @em)
(NP (D-F a@) (N campanha)))
(VB-P domina)
(NP-SBJ (D o)
(N espÃrito)
(PP (P de)
(NP (N vaidade)))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (IP-MAT=1 (PP (P @em)
(NP (D o@) (N bosque)))
(NEG não)))
(. ;))
(TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_001_PSD,48.917))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT-1 (NP-SBJ (PRO Ele))
(ADVP (ADV bem))
(NP-2 (CL me)
(PP-PRN *ICH*-3))
(VB-D podia)
(IP-INF (NP-ACC *-2)
(VB ver))
(PP-PRN-3 (P a)
(NP (PRO mim))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (CONJ mas)
(IP-MAT=1 (NP-SBJ (PRO eu))
(PP (P a)
(NP (PRO ele)))
(NEG não)))
(. .))
(POST SCRIPTUM; ID PSCR0049,.38))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT-1 (CONJ e)
(NP-SBJ-2 *exp*)
(ADVP (ADV assim))
(TR-P-3S @tem)
(NP-SE-2 (CL @se))
(NP-ACC (NP (D o) (N terreno))))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-MAT=1 (NP-SBJ (D-P os) (N-P filhos))
(ADVP (ADV também))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID PFT41,42))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *exp*)
(NEG Não)
(NP-SE-1 (CL se))
(VB-P-3S sabe)
(CP-QUE (CP-QUE (WQ se)
(IP-SUB-2 (NP-SBJ *exp*)
(SR-D-3S era)))
(CONJP (CONJ-NEG nem)
(CP-QUE (WQ se)
(IP-SUB=2 (NEG não)))))
(. .))
(CORDIAL-SIN; ID AAL65,13))
Sluicing
( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
(NP-SBJ (PRO ele))
(VB-D disse)
(. :)
(IP-MAT-SPE (IP-MAT-1 (DS –)
(ADVP (ADV Certo))
(, ,)
(NP-VOC (NPR dona))
(, ,)
(NP-SBJ (PRO eu))
(VB-D vim)
(ADVP (ADV aqui)))
(CONJP (CONJ e)
(IP-MAT=1 (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NEG nom)
(VB-P sei)
(CP-QUE (WADVP (WADV como))))))
(. .))
(WOCHWEL; ID JAR63,.12))
( (IP-MAT (IP-MAT-1 (CONJ E)
(VB-D ião)
(NP-SBJ (Q-P todos))
(PP (P por)
(NP (D-UM um) (N caminho))))
(, ,)
(CONJP (CONJ mas)
(IP-MAT=1 (NP-SBJ *pro*)
(NEG nom)
(VB-D sabia)
(CP-QUE (WPP (P por)
(WADVP (WADV qoal))))))
(. .))
(WOCHWEL; ID JAR95,.6))
