12. Empty categories‎ > ‎12.3. Traces‎ > ‎

12.3.3 A-movement traces (*)

A-movement traces are annotated in some exceptional cases, when the extraction involves more than a single IP. This sort of trace is codified using the generic symbol "*", which is coindexed with the moved phrase.
Thus, A-movement traces are not codified in passive constructions in general (cf. the first example), but they are annotated in cases where movement involves two IPs (on IP-SMC, see section Small Clauses).
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D-F-P Essas) (N-P redes))
	  (SR-D-3P foram)
	  (VB-AN-F-P roubadas)
	  (, ,))
  (CORDIAL-SIN; ID VPA07,8))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ e)
	  (SR-D foi)
	  (NP-SBJ-1 (PRO êle))
	  (VB-AN nomeado)
	  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-1)
		  (NP-ACC (NPR Embaixador)))
	  (. .))
  (TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_004,66.881))

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ-1 *pro*)
	  (IP-GER (VB-G Tornando)
		  (PP (P pera)
		      (NP (D-F esta) (NPR Província))))
	  (, ,)
	  (SR-D foi)
	  (VB-AN eleito)
	  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-1)
		  (NP-ACC (NPR Provincial))))
  (TYCHO BRAHE; ID S_001_PSD,174.2048))

( (IP-MAT (PP (P por)
	      (NP (DEM isso)))
	  (NP-SBJ-4 (D-F-P as)
		    (N-P façanhas)
		    (CP-REL (WNP-2 (WPRO que))
			    (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
				    (FP só)
				    (TR-P têm)
				    (PP (P por)
					(NP (N princípio)))
				    (NP-ACC (D-F a)
					    (N vaidade)
					    (PP (P de@)
						(NP (D @o) (N valor)))))))
	  (VB-P reputam@)
	  (NP-4 (CL @se))
	  (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-4)
		  (ADJP (ADJ-G-P grandes)))
	  (PP (P a@)
	      (NP (D-F @a)
		  (N proporção)
		  (PP (P de@)
		      (NP (D-F @a)
			  (N impiedade)
			  (, ,)
			  (CP-REL (WPP-3 (P com)
					 (NP (WPRO que)))
				  (IP-SUB (PP *T*-3)
					  (NP-SBJ (D o) (ADJ mesmo) (N valor))
					  (NP-ACC (CL as))
					  (VB-P executa)))))))
	  (. ;))
  (TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_001_PSD,58.1194))
The same empty category * is used in clitic displacement and in Exceptional Case Marking contexts, for the position where the clitic is interpreted:
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO Ela))
	  (NEG não)
	  (NP-1 (CL me@))
	  (NP-2 (CL @a))
	  (VB-D quis)
	  (IP-INF (NP-DAT *-1)
		  (NP-ACC *-2)
		  (VB dar))
	  (CP-ADV (C porque)
		  (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *pro*)
			  (NP-DAT (CL lhe))
			  (SR-D foi)
			  (VB-AN entregue)
			  (PP (P com)
			      (NP (Q muito)
				  (N empenho)
				  (PP (P de@)
				      (NP (D @o)
					  (N carcereiro)
					  (PP (P de)
					      (ADVP (ADV cá)))))))))
	  (. .))
  (POST SCRIPTUM; ID CARDS0006,.9))

( (IP-MAT (ADVP (ADV Naturalmente))
	  (NP-4 (CL nos))
	  (SR-P é)
	  (ADJP (ADJ-F odiosa)
		(NP-DAT *-4))
	  (NP-SBJ (D-F a) (N irresolução))
	  (. ,))
  (TYCHO BRAHE; ID A_001_PSD,29.501))

( (CP-D (C Ca)
        (IP-IND (NP-SBJ *pro*)
                (NP-ACC-1 (CL me))
                (VB-P fazes)
                (ADVP (ADV sẽpre))
                (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *-1)
                        (VB andar)
                        (PP (PP (P ẽ)
                                (NP (N coyta)))
                            (CONJP (CONJ e)
                                   (PP (P ẽ)
                                       (NP (N mãrteiro)))))))
        (. .))
  (WOChWEL; ID CGE340,.43))

( (IP-MAT (CONJ E)
	  (NP-SBJ *pro*)
	  (ADVP (ADV entõ))
	  (NP-DAT-1 (CL lhes))
	  (VB-D fez)
	  (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *-1)
		  (VB cantar)
		  (NP-ACC (N missa)))
	  (. .))
  (WOChWEL; ID CGE341,.104))